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Episode 11 15.03.2019
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What if epilepsy is not a broken circuit but a network pushed into the wrong dynamical state , and what if computational models could guide surgeons to intervene without destroying healthy tissue? Physicist Viktor Jirsa explains how whole-brain mean field models are transforming epilepsy from a localized lesion problem into a network science challenge with direct clinical implications. Subscribe for more from the Convergent Science Network podcast series. Viktor Jirsa joins Paul Verschure and Tony Prescott to describe why epilepsy offers a uniquely tractable entry point for computational neuroscience. Unlike schizophrenia or depression, epileptic seizures produce unmistakable spatiotemporal signatures , high-frequency oscillations visible to the naked eye in electrode recordings, linked to characteristic behavioral patterns as the seizure propagates through brain networks. Jirsa’s approach treats the epileptogenic zone not as a single broken region but as a distributed network whose dynamics can be captured by mean field models that collapse millions of neurons into a handful of state variables per brain region. The conversation confronts the hard methodological questions head-on. Verschure challenges whether mean field models anchored to slow fMRI signals can capture the rapid, transient, multi-scale dynamics that matter clinically. Jirsa acknowledges that validation against microscopic spiking network simulations is still underway and that the metrics for comparing model output to real brain dynamics remain underdeveloped , functional connectivity measures require stationarity assumptions that biological systems violate. Yet he argues that the network perspective has already changed clinical thinking: non-local interventions, where stimulation or minimal surgery at one brain region rebalances a distant epileptogenic network, are a logical consequence that only in silico modeling can safely explore. Key topics include why thirty percent of epilepsy patients are drug-resistant, how surgery success rates have remained flat at fifty percent for decades, the promise of minimally invasive techniques like thermocoagulation guided by computational models, why the Virtual Brain project represents a shift toward personalized network medicine, and what it would take to validate whole-brain models against the high-dimensional dynamics they claim to capture. Part of the Convergent Science Network podcast series from the BCBT Summer School.
Tagged as:
Brain Computational Models epilepsy Field Models Mean Field virtual brain
About the author call_made
Both the triumphs of humanity and its most evil deeds have resulted from collaboration. In a time where humanity is required to aspire to the former and minimize the latter, the question arises of how collaboration arises and why it fails. Surprisingly, this phenomenon, so central to who we are, is not well understood. Hence, a collaborative effort is required to understand collaboration in its full biological, psychological, sociological, cultural, and economic complexity and to translate this understanding into operational impact. This series of podcasts is one step toward achieving these complementary goals. The Collaboration Podcast presents interviews with people who are central orchestrators of collaboration in various domains including business, government, science, art, health, sustainability, and the military. The discussions were conducted by Prof. Dr. Paul F.M.J. Verschure and members of the Program Advisory Committee of the Ernst Strungmann Forum on Collaboration (https://www.esforum.de/forums/ESF32_Collaboration.html) during 2021 and had the goal to sketch a map of opportunities, challenges, and obstacles in human collaboration. The forum took place in May 2022, and now we would like to share this series of interviews with a broader audience. The full report of the Forum will be published in 2023 by MIT Press. The podcast was produced by the Convergent Science Network (https://www.convergentsciencenetwork.org/). Context: The stability of social systems depends critically on realizing sustainable methods of “collaboration,” yet how and by which means collaboration is achieved is not clearly understood; neither are the conditions or processes that lead to its breakdown or failure. Collaboration can be understood as cooperation between agents toward mutually constructed goals. Part of the reason for our lack of understanding is that the phenomenon of collaboration is, by nature, a highly multidisciplinary problem, and effective research into its complexities has been difficult to achieve across the broad range of scientific and technical disciplines involved. The need for a fundamental understanding of collaboration, however, has become increasingly important. Not only does humankind demand answers as it attempts to address critical challenges at multiple scales (e.g., climate change, migration, enhanced automation, social and economic inequality), but ever-increasing technological and economic means of interconnecting people and societies are disrupting long-established, familiar patterns of how we interact. Radical technological changes that are ongoing have the potential to reshape collaboration in ways that are currently hard to predict or influence (e.g., by altering configurations in interaction, information creation, and modes of communication). On one hand, such changes could disrupt hitherto stable forms of collaboration by affecting critical communication channels and traditional roles, as can be observed in the rapidly changing patterns in governance, commerce, and social interaction. Conversely, technology could lead to the emergence of novel, successful forms of collaboration that deviate from traditional “hierarchical” architectures. Evidence of this can be seen in areas as diverse as highly automated manufacturing plants, the open science movement, collaborative software repositories, user-centered services, and the sharing of economy-based modes of organization. Without a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms, processes, and boundary conditions of collaboration, it is not possible to evaluate or predict which of these possible scenarios are sustainable or even plausible. The Forum “How Collaboration Arises and Why it Fails” (May 8–13, 2022, Location: Frankfurt am Main, Germany) Chairs: Andreas Roepstorff and Paul Verschure Program Advisory Committee: Jenna Bednar, Julia R. Lupp, Bhavani R. Rao , Andreas Roepstorff, Ferdinand von Siemens, and Paul Verschure
15.03.2019
15.03.2019
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