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Episode 2 08.03.2010
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How do you map the wiring of an entire brain when neuroscience is simultaneously drowning in data and starving for the right kind? Partha Mitra explains why he left theoretical physics to build a whole-brain mesoscale connectome , and what it reveals about the gap between data richness and genuine understanding. Subscribe for more from the Convergent Science Network podcast series. In this episode, Partha Mitra describes the paradox at the heart of modern neuroscience: half a million abstracts published on PubMed each year, yet no comprehensive wiring diagram for any mammalian brain beyond C. elegans. Trained as a theoretical physicist, Mitra recounts how his growing humility toward the complexity of the brain drove him from abstract modeling to the lab bench, where he now leads an industrial-scale neuroanatomy project at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. His goal is to systematically map the mesoscale connectivity of the mouse brain , the level at which developmental programs lay down the architecture that sits between single synapses and whole-brain function. Mitra draws a compelling analogy to Google Earth: just as geographic data remained fragmented until a unifying spatial framework existed, neuroscience data lacks a scaffold on which to hang its heterogeneous findings. His project aims to provide that scaffold by injecting tracers across the entire mouse brain and building probabilistic maps of where axons from any given region project. He argues that this mesoscale is uniquely important because it is genomically patterned , shaped by developmental genes rather than purely by experience , making it the natural bridge between molecular biology and systems neuroscience. The conversation also tackles deep methodological questions. How much individual variability exists between brains of the same species, and can meaningful regularities still be extracted? Mitra hypothesizes that brains occupy a low-dimensional manifold of variation , constrained enough to reveal common design templates, yet variable enough to be scientifically interesting. He envisions comparative studies across species that could uncover conserved architectural principles shaped by convergent evolution, not just shared ancestry. Perhaps most striking is Mitra’s philosophical evolution. He advocates what he calls “ontological monism and epistemological pluralism” , one physical reality, but multiple legitimate theoretical frameworks for understanding it. He cautions against the assumption that all theories must reduce to one another, and urges neuroscientists to take engineering perspectives more seriously as a source of insight into how evolved systems solve functional problems.
Tagged as:
brain connectome Mouse Brain neuroanatomy Neuroscience Theoretical
About the author call_made
Both the triumphs of humanity and its most evil deeds have resulted from collaboration. In a time where humanity is required to aspire to the former and minimize the latter, the question arises of how collaboration arises and why it fails. Surprisingly, this phenomenon, so central to who we are, is not well understood. Hence, a collaborative effort is required to understand collaboration in its full biological, psychological, sociological, cultural, and economic complexity and to translate this understanding into operational impact. This series of podcasts is one step toward achieving these complementary goals. The Collaboration Podcast presents interviews with people who are central orchestrators of collaboration in various domains including business, government, science, art, health, sustainability, and the military. The discussions were conducted by Prof. Dr. Paul F.M.J. Verschure and members of the Program Advisory Committee of the Ernst Strungmann Forum on Collaboration (https://www.esforum.de/forums/ESF32_Collaboration.html) during 2021 and had the goal to sketch a map of opportunities, challenges, and obstacles in human collaboration. The forum took place in May 2022, and now we would like to share this series of interviews with a broader audience. The full report of the Forum will be published in 2023 by MIT Press. The podcast was produced by the Convergent Science Network (https://www.convergentsciencenetwork.org/). Context: The stability of social systems depends critically on realizing sustainable methods of “collaboration,” yet how and by which means collaboration is achieved is not clearly understood; neither are the conditions or processes that lead to its breakdown or failure. Collaboration can be understood as cooperation between agents toward mutually constructed goals. Part of the reason for our lack of understanding is that the phenomenon of collaboration is, by nature, a highly multidisciplinary problem, and effective research into its complexities has been difficult to achieve across the broad range of scientific and technical disciplines involved. The need for a fundamental understanding of collaboration, however, has become increasingly important. Not only does humankind demand answers as it attempts to address critical challenges at multiple scales (e.g., climate change, migration, enhanced automation, social and economic inequality), but ever-increasing technological and economic means of interconnecting people and societies are disrupting long-established, familiar patterns of how we interact. Radical technological changes that are ongoing have the potential to reshape collaboration in ways that are currently hard to predict or influence (e.g., by altering configurations in interaction, information creation, and modes of communication). On one hand, such changes could disrupt hitherto stable forms of collaboration by affecting critical communication channels and traditional roles, as can be observed in the rapidly changing patterns in governance, commerce, and social interaction. Conversely, technology could lead to the emergence of novel, successful forms of collaboration that deviate from traditional “hierarchical” architectures. Evidence of this can be seen in areas as diverse as highly automated manufacturing plants, the open science movement, collaborative software repositories, user-centered services, and the sharing of economy-based modes of organization. Without a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms, processes, and boundary conditions of collaboration, it is not possible to evaluate or predict which of these possible scenarios are sustainable or even plausible. The Forum “How Collaboration Arises and Why it Fails” (May 8–13, 2022, Location: Frankfurt am Main, Germany) Chairs: Andreas Roepstorff and Paul Verschure Program Advisory Committee: Jenna Bednar, Julia R. Lupp, Bhavani R. Rao , Andreas Roepstorff, Ferdinand von Siemens, and Paul Verschure
Exploring the convergence of neuroscience, robotics, and AI through conversations with leading researchers since 2010.
A project of the Convergent Science Network Foundation.
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